Creating a Crawler. Almost.

Nature vs. Nurture. You can't always change nature, but you sure can nurture- offer tools to help your kiddo meet milestones and achieve success. My 6-month-old is crawling. Almost. Although he has been army crawling for over a week, yesterday he took four purposeful movements in quadruped position (on all fours!).

My EtiKid(s) began kicking in utero! I actually have videos of my stomach lurching side to side as the older one kicked as hard as he could -from the inside. That being said, I am an Occupational Therapist and Early Childhood Education Teacher. Having studied a lot of child development, I knew enough about the importance of positioning and environment- giving him with opportunities and motivation to meet success. I did not use hand-over-hand cuing to teach him, but he was provided with a stimulating-enough environment and appropriate positions to foster his development. Although every child develops at his/her own pace and nothing with children is guaranteed, offering developmentally appropriate tools can help your child thrive. Here are 3 QUICK tips to foster those gross motor skills. 1) Play- Someone was almost always on the floor playing with him. He was read to, shown cause and effect toys, and smiled at throughout the day. Also, there is an older sibling. I made sure that there was a lot of interaction between the two and clearly the baby now wants to be just like his big brother. (PS- big brother began crawling at 6.5 mos- and he was provided with the same "tools," minus the older sibling. *sigh 2) Tummy Time- can't be stressed enough. Some "experts" recommend 30 minutes per day to parents. I did FAR more. Pretty much every waking moment was spent on his stomach or upright in my arms (his middle name is "hold me!"). 3) Reaching- While laying on a mat, I put some bright toys that were sure to be his favorite just out of reach. This also helped to improve his grasping skills. Through our efforts to overcome shoulder dystocia, we created a crawling monster. Almost.

What Should We Play With? For Infants, Ages 4-6 Months

What Should We Play With? Part II Although it has been a while, I have received requests for the next post to be about the best toys for infants, ages 4-6 months. This is one of the hardest stages because your baby is beginning to be mobile but is not quite ready to be seated upright for extended periods of time in exersaucers and such (refer to this post for more information as to why). Babies at this stage are rapidly developing and becoming more like little people (and much less like little zombies, who primarily want to eat, sleep, be held, and be changed!). Therefore, toys at this stage should be more stimulating, to increase their level of awareness. In addition, toys that work on cause/effect (touch this and lights go on) are important. The following toys can all be found on Amazon.com. Tummy Time Mat Tummy time is one of the most, if not THE MOST, important positions for this stage of development. See Part I for more information. The Tiny Love Activity Gym mat is also a favorite, as the lights, sounds, and items to grab while on the back and stomach are stimulating for the babies. In addition, they can practice rolling all over because their are fun things to see at every corner! Sit them up on the mat- have them grab and reach the items that are at shoulder-level... This mat can have many uses!

Activity Table This Fisher Price table is a great example of the type of toy to give your growing infant. The legs can be modified accordingly to allow the baby to access the various components of the table while in tummy time, on the side, seated, and standing. This activity table has room to grow with your baby - and you will notice that he/she will play differently with the table throughout various stages of development (rolling, sitting, crawling, walking).

Activity Bars Your child is working on grabbing, pulling, and pushing. Keep your child busy on walks or long car rides with this activity bar! This is also a great way to have your child practice sitting up...

Board Books Touch and feel board books are my favorite for babies this age! Aside from beginning to see words, large pictures and feel textures, they are easy to clean and begin to teach babies how to turn pages (left to right). The books also offer entertainment when seated in tummy time and ensure that you are focusing attention on your baby (after all, who doesn't like attention!?!?!). This book of baby animals was/is a favorite of my EtiKids! They love to hear and make the sounds of the animals!

How To: Know When Your Infant is Ready to Sit Up

A mother in one of my Mom-groups on Facebook recently posed a question- regarding the positioning of her daughter. While in daycare, her 3-month-old was seated upright in a Bumbo seat with toys placed on a tray in front of her. While many parents agreed that it was ok to do so in order to prepare the infant for sitting upright, the OT (Occupational Therapist) in me said otherwise. This now leads me to the age-old question: When is it ok to start sitting up a baby? My response was/is: An OT is primarily concerned with the positioning of the child to help him/her improve all domains of development and meet milestones. At the infant stage, appropriate positioning will foster increased socialization skills and awareness by simultaneously developing strength. This will also enable the baby to maintain positions for extended periods of time. Skipping the important steps/milestones may actually delay your child's development! At 3 months of age, most babies do not have consistent head/neck control, as bobbing is frequently seen. To foster this skill, caregivers should gradually reduce the amount of support provided while holding the baby. For example, instead of supporting the head/neck with the whole hand- try using only fingers. Additionally, until a baby has developed very strong spinal muscles, they should not be placed in Bumbo seats or upright on Boppy pillows for too long. If there is curvature of the spine (and you can seen the vertebrae sticking out)or leaning to the side, the baby is not ready to sit by him/herself.

In her blog, Janet Lansbury writes that sitting babies in restrictive seats (exersaucer, infant seats, and jumpers) for extended periods of time will potentially cause your child to skip important milestones such as rolling and crawling! The belief of MANY parents is that these items are helpful for parenting (providing opportunities to shower and such). As with much of the equipment for babies, they should be used in moderation. Tummy time with toys placed in front of the child would be more appropriate at this stage to increase head/neck development, strengthen the extensor (straightening) muscles of the spine, increase grip/fine motor skills and continue to increase awareness of the environment that surrounds him/her. Placing the toys in front and around the baby will foster rotation and mobility, which will help the child learn to roll over and eventually crawl. Additionally, your child will receive more proprioceptive sensory input, which teaches about his/her body in space. But that being said- it is not an age thing so much as developmental. If your child has great head/neck control, the spine is extended (straight) when sitting up (while you hold her), and the baby can maintain an upright posture- go for it!

What Should We Play With? Toys for Newborn/Young Infant Girls and Boys

Do you ever wonder what toys to get for your newborn child - or perhaps another newborn/infant within your circle of friends? Although this list would probably have been helpful a month ago, it is never too late to plan for next year (or perhaps an upcoming birthday)!

For the 0-3 Month Crowd:

Rattles - Anything that can make some noise as the baby kicks and flails while on his/her back. This is how your child will begin to develop an awareness of his/her body. With straps are great for playtime, but do not be afraid to give them ones to hold! Grasping objects in their hands will help develop their sense of proprioception (body in space). This one can be found through Amazon. It is a little bright - but the concept is correct. Keep in mind that your newborn sees the world in black, white and red at first. Don't put the bright colors up to their faces immediately.

Mobiles - attached wherever the baby plays- just be sure that the baby is not looking behind the head. Place it above the chest but not too low (no grabbing!). Slow moving with simple images to increase focus. A great way to practice tracking of objects! My advice - limit usage in the crib. As we are try to orient baby to day vs. night times, we want to encourage SLEEPING in the crib. We used this one. You can find it on Amazon.

Mirrors - Really great for helping your child to develop facial recognition. Some of the first smiles you see may be when your child is watching him/herself in the mirror. My own EtiKids loved this mirror, as it was very versatile. We used it for tummy time and while playing with "overhead" toys. We did not use it in the crib because it was very important for him to learn that cribs are for sleeping (also for my own sanity!). We purchased this one from Amazon.

Tummy Time Mat - As mentioned in previous posts, placing your baby on his/her tummy will increase proprioception, awareness, and social skills, as well as head and neck control. Additionally, it will help prepare your child for other developmental skills, including sitting, crawling, and walking! I used THIS MAT for my EtiKids. I felt that this encouraged a sense of awareness of the entire body, thanks to the addition of the piano. When the babies seemed to need a change of scenery (after playing with the animals), I turned them around to make music with the piano. I also attached the mirror (seen above), so the kiddos could look at themselves in action.






This post begins the series of What Should We Play With? Stay tuned for more developmentally appropriate toys through the ages. As always, it is important to get down on the floor and play with your newborn- it is never too early to begin modeling social skills!

Raising My Advanced EtiKid

My son started crawling at 6 1/2 months and walking at 10 1/2 months. Although that is no small feat, I am even more excited (and proud!) that he is extremely social and loves to interact with other people. I am WELL aware that most of his abilities are due to nature (he was very active in the womb, frequently causing the need for repeat ultrasounds!). I will say that I did recognize signs that he was ready and provided him with opportunities that encouraged him to develop his skills. As I have friends asking me what I have done to promote his development, I thought I would share some tips (not just as a parent but from an Occupational Therapist's perspective). 1) TUMMY TIME! From the time he was born, I would hold him across my arms or on my lap on his belly. Once he got a little older (2-3 months), I placed him onto a mat on the floor- on his tummy. He definitely did not like it at first, but I always started floor time in this position. Toys that made noise were placed in front of him - encouraging him to extend his tolerance of tummy time. This helped him to get a sense of his body in space, as he received a lot of sensory input from his stomach and arms being on the floor. It also helped him learn to lift his head and upper torso off of the ground, promoting neck extension (straightening). He became more aware of himself and his surroundings once he was able to look at objects and happenings around him. Sheryl Berk from Parents Magazine has additional tips for Tummy Time. 2) Lots of playtime... Many people mistakingly believe that a child who doesn't move can be left alone on the mat. I feel that it is even more important to engage, talk to, read to, and just generally sit on the floor with the infant. As a parent, OT, and child development specialist, this time is especially formative in a baby's life. Demonstrate how to use toys and give the infant the freedom to explore the objects as well. Make sure that the toy is "developmentally appropriate" (more about that to come in future posts). Additionally - just because a toy is in the store does not always mean that it is right for your child. Use your gut instinct. If that is not working at the moment- perhaps due to extreme sleep deprivation, call/email me. 3) Model social behavior - your baby is NEVER too young to learn social interactions. Smile, respond to their sounds, and use LOTS of language to foster their own speech communication skills. Providing and modeling interactions as soon as possible can only help the child learn how to engage with others. The more engaging a baby is, the more likely others will respond to him/her. 4) Be consistent. It is definitely too early for punitive measures. However, after 6+ months, a child can begin to learn safe vs. unsafe. Redirection is the BEST method for preventing unwanted behaviors. Yes it is exhausting, but it will make it easier to raise a polite little person in the not-so-distant future. For example, when my child wants to play with electric outlets (he looks at me and smiles as he touches them because HE KNOWS HE SHOULD NOT BE NEAR THEM!), I immediately say (in a stern voice), "Not safe." I then redirect his attention to his toys (on the other side of the room), and sit with him as we build the simple blocks or read a book. This list can go on and on (I will share more tips in coming weeks). I firmly believe in the adage that it "takes a village to raise a child." Therefore, I am sharing my wisdom as an Occupational Therapist (and parent!) and welcome any other tips you may have. Of course, if you have any questions, you can call me or email me. I look forward to hearing more stories about your own EtiKids!

Explaining Society's Sad Face to Kids

In "Talking to kids about D.C. Navy Yard shootings a tough task for parents" on CNN.com, Kelly Wallace discusses the terrifying task of speaking to children after a well-publicized tragedy. The debate looms: to talk about it or not... If my three cents are worth anything: consider your child. You are the parent and you know best... Buuuut, is there a chance that your child is going to hear it from someone else? If so, go on the offensive and share the information that you want your child to hear. Once your kid has the facts from you, the trusted parent, the big bad world will seem less scary. Maybe. Reassurance will be needed, but you can handle it. Tips to get you through. 1. Stick to the facts. The most basic ones. 2. Limit the information that they will hear. News stations playing in the background throughout the day is not the best choice if you do not want your child reciting the exact number of bullets used. 3. Be proactive- think of a SOLUTION to help. After Hurricane Sandy, Sandy Hook Elementary, and the Boston Marathon Bombing, communities organized clothing drives and collected funds for the victims. Slogans such as Jersey Strong and Boston Strong were displayed on clothing with pride. Perhaps you can help your child think of a way to assist the victims. This will demonstrate that this is how the human race survives: we come together during the most terrible times and lean on each other for support. And maybe... Remind your children that smiles, eye contact, please and thank you are just as important now - in order to help make this world a friendlier place.

Teachable Moments

Social skills are the building blocks to a preschool education. While children may learn letters, numbers, shapes and even the beginning stages of reading, it is here that they develop the most important skill of all: social relations. Children learn these skills through observations of others, including parents, friends, and relatives. As children need frequent reminders of appropriate social behaviors in the early stages of making a learned behavior seem innate, they may require assistance from you. Fellow occupational therapists and teachers like to use the term: Teachable Moments. A teachable moment is unscripted and unplanned. When the grownup is observing the child/children engaged in play, an opportunity may arise to positively redirect the negative behaviors or reward desired behaviors. By helping the child/children recreate the scene and identify what was correct vs. what could be changed, you are helping them develop awareness of their own pro-social behaviors. For example, Henry is playing with blocks in the middle of the floor. Charlie is in the corner with his favorite puzzle. Once completed, Charlie puts away the puzzle and sits down in front of Henry’s castle and says, “That’s a big building. Can I play blocks with you?” Henry quickly responds, “You are stupid, it’s a castle!” Dejected and angry, Charlie walks away, accidentally tripping on the rug and causing the demise of the castle. Henry starts screaming and crying. The teacher has observed the entire episode and sits the two boys down to discuss the incident. They review classroom rules, how words can hurt and apologies are made. Although the boys are upset, Henry learns that calling people “ugly names” – or using the “S” words are not acceptable social behaviors. With the teacher’s guidance, he recognizes that hurting someone’s feelings makes everyone sad. Charlie learns that you can let someone know you are angry without damaging property. To redirect attention and enhance social skills, the teacher presents the boys with a book to to share about different types of buildings. A castle is a building and there are many types of buildings: big, small, commercial, castles, high-rise condominiums and offices. As the next activity begins, the boys decide they will try to build the biggest building in the world! To make the most of a teachable moment: 1. Listen more and speak less. Observe behaviors and listen to conversation before jumping to conclusion and interfering in children’s activities. If there is no danger, allow the children to resolve their issue without intervention. 2. Following the incident, offer praise for using their best manners to resolve differences and not hurting anyone’s feelings. 3. Trust children to mirror the behaviors they see. Patience, kindness, respect and understanding can make a difference in the way people are perceived. In EtiKids classes, teachable moments are used because they are the most meaningful to the child. If you have any questions about how to incorporate this method into your daily parenting routine, please do not hesitate to contact Julie. Teachpreschool.org has even more examples of teachable moments for you to check out!